"I composed ... a song — which I had never sung till then, with an idea, and words, and rhymes — because my heart was with me and in my mouth.” ( S Y Agnon, 'With My Heart')
Har Gamal, just outside Karmiel, Lower Galilee is a hill with a twin-humped camel-shaped top, formed by centuries of wind and rain erosion.
Although popular with abseiling (‘rappelling’) enthusiasts, the area is unspoilt, boasts orchards of ancient olive trees and affords a wonderful view towards Haifa Bay.
Madison Smartt Bell is an American novelist best known for his stories about the Haitian Revolution and Toussaint Louverture, a leader of the Haitian independence movement during the French Revolution.
During an interview with the literary website, Byliner, Bell discusses his major influences and the relation between words and music in his work.
He is also a banjo player and acknowledges that as a native of Nashville,Tennessee “a lot of people write more for the eye, but I definitely write for the ear. Sound defines my choice of words and the way I construct a sentence and paragraph, all that.
“The musicality of prose has always been extremely important to me. Then again, the physicality of playing an instrument is really nice. You can sit there and do it without any conscious thought and let your mind just drift around, which can be productive in other areas”.
I thought about such things earlier this evening while watching - and listening - to an Israeli guitarist play through his engaging repertoire at the Karmiel Conservatory. By day, ‘Hetzi’ drives for Egged, the national bus company but tonight he took us on a musical journey with stops including Andrew Lloyd Webber’sDon’t Cry for Me Argentina,Smile (Though Your Heart is Breaking) whose lyrics are by John Turner and Geoffrey Parsons, Oscar Hammerstein’sEdelweissfromThe Sound of Musicand as an encore the plaintive theme tune fromSchindler’s Listby John Williams. Hetzi’s audience may have been small. But we were smitten!
In memory of the civilian hostages murdered at Entebbe, July 1976.
This year marks the 40th anniversary of Operation Entebbe, the counter-terrorist hostage-rescue mission conducted by commandos of the Israel Defense Forces at Entebbe Airport in Uganda on 4 July 1976.
It is has been increasingly argued in recent years that the memory of Lieutenant Colonel Yonatan Netanyahu, elder brother of the current Israeli Prime Minister, who was kiled by a Ugandan sniper while leading the raid, has been magnified and mythologised at the expense of both his colleagues and the four civilians who were also killed or died as a result of the operation.
While cynics insist that Valentine’s Day is vastly overrated, newspapers like Britain’sThe Telegraphhave treated readers to a selection of world-class verse to celebrate. .
Israel’s own day of love is marked in the late summer on Tu B’Av so I’ve entered the present fun with an offbeat contribution from an unusual source.
Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israel’s only Nobel literary laureate, immigrated from Galicia to Palestine in 1908 and returned to Europe for some years before going back to live in Jerusalem until his death in 1970.
He was strictly devout and his novels and short stories reflect the traditions and attitudes of the East European shtetl. I suggeat the piece I have chosen exemplifies why he was praised especially for the "peculiar tenderness and beauty" of his work.
As a short story of less than 850 words, I must suppose that today it would be described as a ‘flash’. But I have chosen to use it here as it is deeply lyrical and so may also be classed as an allegorical prose-poem.
With My Heart is from the short-story collection,A Dwelling Place of My People, Sixteen Stories of the Chassidim, translated from Hebrew into English by Rabbi J. Weinberg and H. Russell (Scottish Academic Press 1983).
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“With My Heart”
“I wanted to sing a song to the Shulamite, the most lovely maiden because I love the Shulamite more than all the daughters of the people; and now because the birthday of the Shulamite is near I said to myself, ‘I shall make a song and bind it up in a string of rhymes’ for that is what the poets do with their songs.
“So I went to the rhymes and said to them, ‘Please listen, rhymes; behold I am composing a song for the Shulamite, the most lovely maiden, and I come to you in order that you will give me two or three rhymes for the song which I am making for her birthday’.
“And the rhymes answered and said to me, ‘It is a good thing that you want to do, but go and bring us words and we shall give you the rhymes, according to your heart’s desire we will give you rhymes.’ I went to the words and I said to them, ‘I dearly wished to compose a song for the Shulamite, and I went to the rhymes in order that they would give me a few rhymes, and the rhymes said to me, ‘Go and bring us words and we will give you rhymes'. Now behold I come to you for the loan of words, and now lend me words for the song that I want to compose for the birthday of the Shulamite.’
“And the words listened and said: ‘The advice which the rhymes gave you was good, because without a word there is nothing. What is the most important of all is ourselves, the words; without words the thing is meaningless. So go and come to the head; perhaps it will give you an idea, and we will give you words, and you will come with the words to the rhymes and they will give you rhymes, and you will bind the words to the rhymes and compose the song to that Shulamite on her birthday’.
“So I went to the head and recounted everything, and he did not want to come with me. He said it was not proper for a man to compose songs. So what then? But I did not let him go, and I pleaded with him shamelessly until he agreed to go with me to one of the ideas in order to be with me when I came to the words and rhymes to compose the song for the Shulamite, the most lovely maiden. And we went, and we came to the idea and found him seated with wise and aged ones, and I said to the idea:
“’Behold the birthday of the Shulamite is near, and now I want to compose a song for the Shulamite. I went to the rhymes, and to the words, and they sent me to the head to speak for me before you when I come to make the song. So now please come with me to the words, and the rhymes; please arise, O idea, and come with me.’
“The idea answered and said, ‘Should I leave my place with the aged and the wise and go wandering with words and rhymes?’ The idea did not want to come with me to go to the words and the rhymes in order that the words would give me words and the rhymes give me rhymes for the song which I wanted to compose for the Shulamite, the loveliest maiden, whom I love.
“And I went out from before the idea, and I was very sad because my desire was to compose a song for the Shulamite on her birthday, and the idea would not come with me to the words and to the rhymes in order that I might make the song. And my heart found me and saw that I was sad, and my heart said to me, ‘Why are you sad?’ and I told my heart that I had gone to the rhymes and they sent me to the words, and the words sent me to the idea, and the idea sent me away empty and did not go with me, and indeed I wanted to compose a song for the Shulamite, the lovely maiden, for her birthday.
“’Now, how can I compose the song, and how can I return to the words and rhymes, if the idea is not with me?’ And my heart saw and said, ‘I shall be in your mouth, and you will compose a song for the Shulamite, loveliest of maidens, because I love the Shulamite and your songs.’
“While he was speaking he touched my mouth, and I composed the song for the Shulamite, the beautiful maiden, on her birthday; a song — which I had never sung till then, with an idea, and words, and rhymes — because my heart was with me and in my mouth.”
** The translators suggest that according to sources, the word ‘Shulamite’ may be a feminine form of Solomon.
I’ve been astounded to discover that modern Israeli high school students know little or nothing of their country’s major poets.This surely leaves a gaping and distressing hole in their education.
After all, Chaim Nachman Bailik’s children’s Chanucah poem prompted the name of the 2008-2009 war while it’s said that Yehuda Amichai is the most translated Hebrew poet since King David. What’s more, there can be no argument about the origins of Amichai’s majestic verse.
The former Ludwig Pfeuffer fled with his family from Nazi Germany to Mandate Palestine and explained during an interview with the Paris Review how the chance discovery of a Faber anthology of modern verse caused him to think seriously about writing poetry. This, he said, was how the likes of Thomas, Eliot and Auden became important to him and I say, doubtless how he eventually forged a strong bond with English poet laureate Ted Hughes who translated some of his work.
It must be an unsought tribute to editor Professor Robert Alter and his translators that the publication of this collection has itself produced a wealth of polished criticism and background feature material. I’ve had an absorbing few hours reading everything!
I was going to end here, simply by quoting below one of Amichai’s best known and beloved pieces, an ironic version of theEl Malei Rachamimmemorial prayer usually recited at funerals and on solemn religious holidays.
But then I came across a blog written by young US composer, Mohammed Fairouz who quotes the poem in Hebrew and English, giving readers English language notes explaining the original Hebrew prayer and Amichai’s wry version of it. This has been the best treat of all!
“God Full Of Mercy
“God-Full-of-Mercy, the prayer for the dead. If God was not full of mercy, Mercy would have been in the world, Not just in Him. I, who plucked flowers in the hills And looked down into all the valleys, I, who brought corpses down from the hills, Can tell you that the world is empty of mercy. I, who was King of Salt at the seashore, Who stood without a decision at my window, Who counted the steps of angels, Whose heart lifted weights of anguish In the horrible contests.
“I, who use only a small part Of the words in the dictionary.
“I, who must decipher riddles I don't want to decipher, Know that if not for the God-full-of-mercy There would be mercy in the world, Not just in Him.”
(Translated from the Hebrew by Barbara and Benjamin Harshav)
** The Poetry of Yehuda Amichai edited by Professor Robert Alter,is published in hardback ($24.47; £16.87; NIS 95.01 ) and Kindle ($16.99; £11.71; NIS 65.97)
A public reading of favourite poems invariably says as much about the participants as the authors and the works they choose.
Certainly, there were equal parts of jollity and gravity when members of ESRA Karmiel met for an evening of sharing favourite verses accompanied by a cup – or two! – of long-brewed hot punch.
Authors read ranged from Lord Byron to Edward Thomas and from Pam Ayres to T S Eliot.
Introducing one of my own favourites, I mentioned that the Irish Nobel laureate, William Butler Yeats was close friends with the Bengali polymath, Rabindranath Tagore who became the first non-European also to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
A great friend of the international Jewish community and a strong supporter of Zionism, Tagore was held in such esteem that his death in 1941 aged 80 was reported by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency alongside its accounts of the deportation of Hungarian Jews to Nazi-held Poland.
His intellectual friendship and conversations with Albert Einstein are well-recorded. However, less well-known is that his support was rewarded with the naming of a street after him in Ramat Aviv, near the University of Tel Aviv, Israel.
Indian-Jewish scholar, Navras Jaat Aafreedi has noted that the Anglo-Jewish painter, Sir William Rothenstein is credited with introducing Tagore to the West and that in turn, Tagore dedicated his prize-winning collection of poems, Gitanjali to Rothenstein.
I close here with an English translated excerpt from Gitanjali includedon the School of Wisdom website:
“Little Flute
“Thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure. This frail vessel thou emptiest again and again, and fillest it ever with fresh life. This little flute of a reed thou hast carried over hills and dales, and hast breathed through it melodies eternally new. At the immortal touch of thy hands my little heart loses its limits in joy and gives birth to utterance ineffable. Thy infinite gifts come to me only on these very small hands of mine. Ages pass, and still thou pourest, and still there is room to fill”.
The lyrics are difficult. Some critics argue that they are strongly influenced by the symbolist poet, Arthur Rimbaud while lines like "take what you have gathered from coincidence" reflect theI Chingphilosophy which uses a type of divination called cleromancy and states that coincidence represents more than mere chance. This in turn produces apparently random numbers.
Oates's story has prompted as much debate as Dylan's song, partly because of her description of the graffiti of rough doodles and random numbering adorning the villain's gold-painted, open-top car.
"'Now, these numbers are a secret code, honey," Arnold Friend explained. He read off the numbers 33, 19, 17 ...'"
Other scholars say the numerals allude to several biblical passages, especially Judges 19:17 in the Hebrew bible. This verse appears in the story about a man who tries to prevent a male guest from being sodomised by offering his daughter and the guest's concubine in their place. The concubine is gang-raped throughout the night, collapses, then dies. Then as the story unfolds, we learn that the incident causes a civil war with mass slaughter on both sides.
My own feeling is that while Oates is an atheist, that she may also be acutely aware of the rabbinical dictum of there being no such thing as coincidence; that everything happens for a reason.
After all, she is from a part-Jewish background and was very close to her paternal grandmother, Blanche Woodside who concealed her heritage after her own father killed himself. It seems self-evident to me that Oates drew on this link via Dylan's music and also through her villain, 'Friend', who bears a common Jewish surname.
Elsewhere, Oates uses parts of her grandmother's life story in her novel, The Gravedigger's Daughter. Most recently, the final tale in her new short-story collection, The Doll-Master and Other Tales of Terror, refers to the frequent use of 'coincidence' as a popular plot device in 19th century fictional literature.
You must leave now, take what you need, you think will last
But whatever you wish to keep, you better grab it fast
Yonder stands your orphan with his gun
Crying like a fire in the sun
Look out the saints are comin’ through
And it’s all over now, Baby Blue
The highway is for gamblers, better use your sense
Take what you have gathered from coincidence
The empty-handed painter from your streets
Is drawing crazy patterns on your sheets
This sky, too, is folding under you
And it’s all over now, Baby Blue
All your seasick sailors, they are rowing home
All your reindeer armies, are all going home
The lover who just walked out your door
Has taken all his blankets from the floor
The carpet, too, is moving under you
And it’s all over now, Baby Blue
Leave your stepping stones behind, something calls for you
Forget the dead you’ve left, they will not follow you